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Engelmann's disease has many names. Two other common ones are progressive diaphyseal dysplasia and diaphyseal sclerosis.

It is a condition characterized by progressive diaphyseal cortical thickening which starts in the midshaft of long bones and proceeds toward the epiphysis.

The condition may also involve the flat bones or skull as noted in this case.

There is compromise of the foramen magnum, intracranial volume, and all skull base foramena.