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Perventricular leukomalacia is an effect of ischemia in premature infants.

There is loss of intervening white matter between the ventricles and cortex, and there is abnormal signal on T2-weighted sequences.

The ventricles usually have an undulating lateral margin as the ventricular surface contours to the sulci that nearly abut the ventricles caused by loss of the white matter.

The extent of cognitive decline or symptoms are proportional to the amount of disease depicted on imaging.