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69 year old man who awoke following an abdominal aortic aneurysm repair unable to move his lower extremities.
Vascular supply
Components:
one anterior spinal artery
two posterolateral spinal arteries
Anterior spinal artery
formed superiorly from branches from both vertebral arteries
Supplies anterior 2/3 of cord parenchyma (most of grey matter).
Collaterals
Fed by several radicular arteries in the cervical and upper thoracic regions
Main blood supply to the lower spinal cord (approximately T8 through the conus medullaris) is derived from the artery of Adamkiewicz.
Arterial: Occlusion of one of the feeding arteries of the cord (most common)
Several radiculo-medullary arteries supply the superior spinal cord
Reduces the incidence of infarction in adults
Watershed in children: cervico-thoracic atrophy with birth injury
Artery of Adamkiewicz supplies the majority of the blood flow to the inferior cord
occlusion of this vessel results in most infarcts
affects distal cord/conus
Sites (adult):
Upper thoracic (watershed)
Distal cord/conus (Adamkiewicz occlusion)
Venous: DAVF.
T1:
Thickened cord
May be hyper or hypointense
T2: increased signal within gray matter
“H-pattern”
Distal perforating branches supply gray matter
Metabolically active
“Owl-eyes”
Anterior 2/3 most prominently affected.
Cord Size
Enlargement of cord in acute stage
Atrophy (months after infarction)
Enhancement: within gray matter
“owl eyes” on post gad T1
“H-pattern”
Vertebral body infarction
Increased T2 signal.
Etiology
Hypotension
Iatrogenic
Aortic surgery
Aortography
Atherosclerosis/Diabetes
Sickle Cell/Polycythemia
Arteritis/Syphilis
Trauma/Disc herniation
Age: usu >60 years old.